Radiation and chemotherapy, which are central to many treatments, are associated with some of these side effects, including cognitive and behavioural impairments that affect children’s memory, thinking speed, and performance in school. However, the mechanism by which these side effects develop remains unclear. Dr. Brian Nieman’s lab is pursuing a combination of clinical studies and mouse research to characterize the developmental consequences of childhood cancer treatment and sensitizing/mitigating factors.

Radiation therapy is an important part of treatment for brain tumours and high-risk leukemias. The Nieman group is investigating how radiation alters brain development by manipulating processes of apoptosis, neurogenesis and inflammation, and determining how each contribute to developmental impairments. They are also testing a variety of interventions for their ability to promote improved developmental outcomes.

Similarly, chemotherapy treatment is the frontline treatment for childhood leukemias. While it is less toxic to the brain than radiotherapy, developmental impairments are still observed. Chemotherapy is also associated with risk for heart problems. The Nieman group is systematically evaluating each of many chemotherapy agents to determine which are most responsible. The agents deemed most toxic are being evaluated in more detail to isolate the mechanism of impaired development. Long-term goals are to promote improved brain development and quality of life in childhood cancer patients.